Windows phone 8 可利用的数据通信方式比较广泛，在硬件支持的前提下，我们可以利用WiFi、蓝牙、临近感应等多种方式。数据交互一般通过套接字来完成，我们将在本文详细的分析。
快速导航：
一、WP8套接字
1）创建套接字客户端
Windows phone 8中的套接字并不支持发布服务端，我们只能利用它在手机上创建套接字客户端，我们在此例中要用套接字去访问web服务器。首先，我们定义一个SocketClient来表示套接字客户端。
[C#]public class SocketClient { //缓存套接字对象以便在整个生命周期重用 Socket _socket = null; // 信号通知对象，用于异步操作完成通知 static ManualResetEvent _clientDone = new ManualResetEvent(false); /// /// 为每个异步调用设置超时时间 /// const int TIMEOUT_MILLISECONDS = 30000; /// /// 数据缓冲区大小 /// const int MAX_BUFFER_SIZE = 2048 * 100; /// /// 关闭套接字连接和释放所有相关的资源 /// public void Close() { if (_socket != null) { _socket.Close(); } } } ////// 尝试用TCP套接字连接到指定主机端口 /// /// 主机名 /// 端口号 ///描述连接结果 public string Connect(string hostName, int portNumber) { string result = string.Empty; //创建一个终结点,主机名、端口号 DnsEndPoint hostEntry = new DnsEndPoint(hostName, portNumber); //创建一个基于流，TCP套接字。 _socket = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp); //套接字上下文 SocketAsyncEventArgs socketEventArg = new SocketAsyncEventArgs(); socketEventArg.RemoteEndPoint = hostEntry; socketEventArg.Completed += new EventHandler(delegate(object s, SocketAsyncEventArgs e) { //执行的状态信息 result = e.SocketError.ToString(); //将当前线程设置为收到信息状态，这样被阻止的线程可以继续执行 _clientDone.Set(); }); //标识当前进程为未收到信息状态 _clientDone.Reset(); // 发送一个异步连接请求 _socket.ConnectAsync(socketEventArg); //将当前线程阻止，直到当前线程收到信息或者超时时间已到 _clientDone.WaitOne(TIMEOUT_MILLISECONDS); return result; }
////// 向连接的服务器发送信息 /// /// 数据正文 ///反馈 public string Send(string data) { string response = "操作超时"; //套接字是否准备好 if (_socket != null) { //套接字上下文 SocketAsyncEventArgs socketEventArg = new SocketAsyncEventArgs(); socketEventArg.RemoteEndPoint = _socket.RemoteEndPoint; socketEventArg.UserToken = null; socketEventArg.Completed += new EventHandler(delegate(object s, SocketAsyncEventArgs e) { response = e.SocketError.ToString(); _clientDone.Set(); }); byte[] payload = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(data); socketEventArg.SetBuffer(payload, 0, payload.Length); _clientDone.Reset(); _socket.SendAsync(socketEventArg); _clientDone.WaitOne(TIMEOUT_MILLISECONDS); } else { response = "套接字没有准备好"; } return response; }
////// 从连接服务器接收数据 /// ///The data received from the server public string Receive() { string response = "操作超时"; if (_socket != null) { SocketAsyncEventArgs socketEventArg = new SocketAsyncEventArgs(); socketEventArg.RemoteEndPoint = _socket.RemoteEndPoint; //设置接收数据的缓冲区 socketEventArg.SetBuffer(new Byte[MAX_BUFFER_SIZE], 0, MAX_BUFFER_SIZE); socketEventArg.Completed += new EventHandler(delegate(object s, SocketAsyncEventArgs e) { if (e.SocketError == SocketError.Success) { // Retrieve the data from the buffer response = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(e.Buffer, e.Offset, e.BytesTransferred); response = response.Trim('\0'); } else { response = "错误：" + e.SocketError.ToString(); } _clientDone.Set(); }); _clientDone.Reset(); _socket.ReceiveAsync(socketEventArg); _clientDone.WaitOne(TIMEOUT_MILLISECONDS); } else { response = "套接字没有准备好"; } return response; }
2）通过套接字访问HTTP网站
现在我们有了套接字客户端，这个时候我们来做一个类似于浏览器的功能，我们模拟HTTP请求发送到web服务器，代码如下：
[XAML]private void Button_Click_1(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { string hostName = textbox1.Text.Replace("http://", string.Empty); SocketClient client = new SocketClient(); //主机，端口号 textblok1.Text = client.Connect(hostName, 80); //模拟一个HTTP Get请求 textblok1.Text = client.Send("GET http://" + hostName + " HTTP/1.0\r\nHost: " + hostName + "\r\n\r\n\r\n"); //等待相应 textblok1.Text = client.Receive(); }
二、蓝牙
WP8蓝牙支持对等方应用连接，也支持其他蓝牙设备，下面我们看看如何连接到对等方应用和设备。
1）连接到对等方
[C#]//已经搜索到的对等方列表 IReadOnlyListpeers; // 开始连接到对等应用 async void AppToApp() { // 开始查找对等项，如果有这句话，即可使自己能够被其他蓝牙设备搜索到 PeerFinder.Start(); peers = await PeerFinder.FindAllPeersAsync(); if (peers.Count == 0) { // 没有发现 } else { // 选择第一个对等应用 PeerInformation selectedPeer = peers[0]; // 连接到第一个对等方应用 var streamSocket = await PeerFinder.ConnectAsync(selectedPeer); } }
2）连接到设备
PeerFinder.AlternateIdentities["Bluetooth:Paired"] = ""; 查找所有已配对的设备。这样连接找到的设备对应的PeerInformation.ServiceName将为空，所以我们不能通过PeerFinder.ConnectAsync(selectedPeer);的方式去连接，具体示例如下：
[C#]//搜寻全部蓝牙设备并连接第一个 private async void AppToDevice() { // 搜索所有配对的设备 PeerFinder.AlternateIdentities["Bluetooth:Paired"] = ""; var pairedDevices = await PeerFinder.FindAllPeersAsync(); if (pairedDevices.Count == 0) { //没有发现设备 } else { // 选择第一个连接的设备，此时selectedDevice.ServiceName为空 PeerInformation selectedDevice = pairedDevices[0]; // 主动创建一个StreamSocket StreamSocket socket = new StreamSocket(); // 第二个参数是一个RFCOMM端口号，范围是1-30 await socket.ConnectAsync(selectedDevice.HostName, "1"); } } PeerFinder.AlternateIdentities["Bluetooth:SDP"] = "XXXXXXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXXXXXXXXXX";查找使用服务发现协议 (SDP) 并通过既定 GUID 播发服务的设备
[C#]//搜寻特定GUID的设备 private async void AppToDevice2() { PeerFinder.AlternateIdentities["Bluetooth:SDP"] = "XXXXXXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXXXXXXXXXX"; var pairedDevices = await PeerFinder.FindAllPeersAsync(); if (pairedDevices.Count == 0) { //没有发现设备 } else { // 选择第一个连接的设备 PeerInformation selectedDevice = pairedDevices[0]; // 主动创建一个StreamSocket StreamSocket socket = new StreamSocket(); // 这种情况下selectedDevice.ServiceName等于您指定的GUID await socket.ConnectAsync(selectedDevice.HostName, selectedDevice.ServiceName); } } 3）侦听连接请求
[C#]public Page1() { InitializeComponent(); //侦听连接请求需要先添加事件 Loaded += MainPage_Loaded; } void MainPage_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { //远程对等类异步连接时触发 PeerFinder.ConnectionRequested += PeerFinder_ConnectionRequested; } async void PeerFinder_ConnectionRequested(object sender, ConnectionRequestedEventArgs args) { // 获取到请求连接的对等方 var peer = args.PeerInformation; // 回应连接 var streamSocket = await PeerFinder.ConnectAsync(peer); } 4）发送消息
[C#]////// 在已连接的情况下发送消息 /// /// public async void Send(StreamSocket socket, string msg) { var _dataWriter = new DataWriter(socket.OutputStream); //写入消息的长度 uint strLength = _dataWriter.MeasureString(msg); _dataWriter.WriteUInt32(strLength); //写入消息的内容 _dataWriter.WriteString(msg); uint numBytesWritten = await _dataWriter.StoreAsync(); }
5）接收消息
[C#]////// 在已连接的情况下读取消息 /// /// public async TaskRead(StreamSocket socket) { var _dataReader = new DataReader(socket.InputStream); // 读取消息长度 await _dataReader.LoadAsync(sizeof(uint)); uint msgLength = (uint)_dataReader.ReadUInt32(); // 读取消息的内容 await _dataReader.LoadAsync(msgLength); return _dataReader.ReadString(msgLength); }
三、NFC
当两个设备距离较近时，可以使用近场通信技术，本文演示一个使用近场通信制作聊天软件的例子。
[XAML]public partial class MainPage : PhoneApplicationPage { ProximityDevice device; long typeId = -1; long msgId = -1; public MainPage() { InitializeComponent(); device = ProximityDevice.GetDefault(); if (device == null) { IsEnabled = false; textblock1.Text = "您的手机不支持NFC功能"; } else { //设备进入NFC识别范围时触发 device.DeviceArrived += device_DeviceArrived; //设备离开NFC识别范围时触发 device.DeviceDeparted += device_DeviceDeparted; } } //设备进入NFC识别范围时触发 void device_DeviceArrived(ProximityDevice sender) { //创建消息订阅，创建好后就可以直接发消息了 typeId = sender.SubscribeForMessage("Windows.MyMsgType", MsgReceivedHandler); Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() => textblock1.Text = "连接状态：已连接"); } //设备离开NFC识别范围时触发 void device_DeviceDeparted(ProximityDevice sender) { if (typeId != -1) { //取消消息订阅 sender.StopSubscribingForMessage(typeId); typeId = -1; } Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() => textblock1.Text = "连接状态：连接中断"); } /// /// 接收到消息后的处理逻辑 /// void MsgReceivedHandler(ProximityDevice sender, ProximityMessage message) { Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() => { listbox1.Items.Add(("对方：" + message.DataAsString)); }); } /// /// 发送消息按钮按下时 /// private void Button_Click_1(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { if (textbox1.Text != string.Empty) { listbox1.Items.Add("我：" + textbox1.Text); if (msgId != -1) device.StopPublishingMessage(msgId); msgId = device.PublishMessage("Windows.MyMsgType", textbox1.Text); } } } 现在我们看看在模拟器中的效果，如下图。模拟器中实现NFC的模拟效果请下载：
四、获取网络状态
很多时候，应用可能需要利用到网络，这个时候我们需要获取一些信息，比如网络是否连接，当前是连接到WiFi还是运营商蜂窝网络。这些信息关系到您的应用是否能正常工作，或者是否处于免费网络下可执行高流量下载等操作。
1. 数据感知
数据感知功能可以用来获取网络成本信息以及流量计划，帮助用户合理使用手机流量，我们看看使用方法。
[C#]var connectionProfile = Windows.Networking.Connectivity.NetworkInformation.GetInternetConnectionProfile();//网络接口类型var ianaInterfaceType = connectionProfile.NetworkAdapter.IanaInterfaceType;//连接成本信息var connectionCost = connectionProfile.GetConnectionCost();//当前的网络使用成本var networkCostType = connectionCost.NetworkCostType;//计划流量是否快用完var approachingDataLimit = connectionCost.ApproachingDataLimit;//是否超过计划流量var overDataLimit = connectionCost.OverDataLimit;//是否漫游var roaming = connectionCost.Roaming;
2. 网络信息获取
我们可以通过API获取网络接口状态，检查手机数据网络以及WiFi连接情况等。
[XAML]Socket socket; protected override void OnNavigatedTo(System.Windows.Navigation.NavigationEventArgs e) { //移动运营商 textblock1.Text = DeviceNetworkInformation.CellularMobileOperator; //网络信息 System.Text.StringBuilder sb = new System.Text.StringBuilder(); sb.Append("网络是否可用: "); sb.AppendLine(DeviceNetworkInformation.IsNetworkAvailable.ToString()); sb.Append("是否启用蜂窝数据: "); sb.AppendLine(DeviceNetworkInformation.IsCellularDataEnabled.ToString()); sb.Append("是否允许漫游: "); sb.AppendLine(DeviceNetworkInformation.IsCellularDataRoamingEnabled.ToString()); sb.Append("是否启用Wi-Fi: "); sb.AppendLine(DeviceNetworkInformation.IsWiFiEnabled.ToString()); //网络接口信息 sb.Append("网络接口类型: "); var networkInterfaceType = NetworkInterface.NetworkInterfaceType; var networkInterfaceTypeString = networkInterfaceType.ToString() + "(" + InterfaceTypeConvert.Convert(networkInterfaceType) + ")"; sb.AppendLine(networkInterfaceTypeString); sb.Append("网络接口子类型: "); var networkSubInterfaceTypeString = string.Empty; DeviceNetworkInformation.ResolveHostNameAsync(new DnsEndPoint("www.baidu.com", 80), new NameResolutionCallback(x => { networkSubInterfaceTypeString = x.NetworkInterface.InterfaceSubtype.ToString() + "[" + InterfaceTypeConvert.ConvertSub(x.NetworkInterface.InterfaceSubtype) + "]"; sb.AppendLine(networkSubInterfaceTypeString); Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() => { textblock2.Text = sb.ToString(); }); }), null); //套接字连接信息 DnsEndPoint hostEntry = new DnsEndPoint("www.baidu.com", 80); socket = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp); //设置连接要求，必须为使用蜂窝技术网络 socket.SetNetworkRequirement(NetworkSelectionCharacteristics.Cellular); SocketAsyncEventArgs socketEventArg = new SocketAsyncEventArgs(); socketEventArg.RemoteEndPoint = hostEntry; socketEventArg.Completed += new EventHandler (delegate(object s, SocketAsyncEventArgs e1) { NetworkInterfaceInfo netInterfaceInfo = socket.GetCurrentNetworkInterface(); StringBuilder sb2 = new StringBuilder(); sb2.AppendLine("最后更新: " + DateTime.Now.ToString()); sb2.Append("网络接口名: "); sb2.AppendLine(netInterfaceInfo.InterfaceName); sb2.Append("网络接口状态: "); sb2.AppendLine(netInterfaceInfo.InterfaceState.ToString()); sb2.Append("网络接口类型: "); sb2.AppendLine(netInterfaceInfo.InterfaceType.ToString()); sb2.Append("网络接口子类型: "); sb2.AppendLine(netInterfaceInfo.InterfaceSubtype.ToString()); Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() => textblock3.Text = sb2.ToString()); }); socket.ConnectAsync(socketEventArg); base.OnNavigatedTo(e); } private void Button_Click_1(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { NavigationService.Navigate(new Uri("/Page1.xaml", UriKind.Relative)); } 3. 检测网络状态改变
手机的网络连接并不如电脑稳定，当你到信号不好的地方，或者自动连接上WiFi等情况，怎么通过代码自动监测呢，下面演示了当手机网络改变时，列举出日志清单，并实时刷新网络信息。
[XAML]public partial class Page1 : PhoneApplicationPage { public ObservableCollection Changes { get; set; } public ObservableCollection NetworkInterfaces { get; set; } public Page1() { InitializeComponent(); // 网络可用性改变事件日志 Changes = new ObservableCollection (); lbNetworkChanges.DataContext = Changes; //当前可用的网络接口 NetworkInterfaces = new ObservableCollection (); lbNetworkInterfaces.DataContext = NetworkInterfaces; //网络可用性改变时 DeviceNetworkInformation.NetworkAvailabilityChanged += new EventHandler (ChangeDetected); UpdateNetworkInterfaces(); UpdateNetworkStatus(); } void ChangeDetected(object sender, NetworkNotificationEventArgs e) { string change = string.Empty; switch (e.NotificationType) { case NetworkNotificationType.InterfaceConnected: change = "连接: "; break; case NetworkNotificationType.InterfaceDisconnected: change = "断开: "; break; case NetworkNotificationType.CharacteristicUpdate: change = "变更: "; break; default: change = "未知: "; break; } string changeInformation = String.Format(" {0} {1} {2} ({3})", DateTime.Now.ToShortTimeString(), change, e.NetworkInterface.InterfaceName, InterfaceTypeConvert.Convert(e.NetworkInterface.InterfaceType) + "," + InterfaceTypeConvert.ConvertSub(e.NetworkInterface.InterfaceSubtype)); Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() => { Changes.Add(changeInformation); UpdateNetworkStatus(); UpdateNetworkInterfaces(); }); } //更新网络接口 private void UpdateNetworkInterfaces() { NetworkInterfaces.Clear(); //获取网络接口列表 NetworkInterfaceList networkInterfaceList = new NetworkInterfaceList(); foreach (NetworkInterfaceInfo networkInterfaceInfo in networkInterfaceList) { NetworkInterfaces.Add(String.Format("{0} ({1},{2})", networkInterfaceInfo.InterfaceName, InterfaceTypeConvert.Convert(networkInterfaceInfo.InterfaceType), InterfaceTypeConvert.ConvertSub(networkInterfaceInfo.InterfaceSubtype))); } } //更新网络状态 private void UpdateNetworkStatus() { tbIsCellularDataEnabled.Text = (DeviceNetworkInformation.IsCellularDataEnabled) ? "是" : "否"; tbIsNetworkAvailable.Text = (DeviceNetworkInformation.IsNetworkAvailable) ? "是" : "否"; tbIsWiFiEnabled.Text = (DeviceNetworkInformation.IsWiFiEnabled) ? "是" : "否"; } //连接设置 private void Button_Click_3(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { var settringTypeString = string.Empty; var button = sender as Button; if (button != null) settringTypeString = Convert.ToString(button.Content); var settringType = ConnectionSettingsType.WiFi; switch (settringTypeString) { case "飞行": settringType = ConnectionSettingsType.AirplaneMode; break; case "网络": settringType = ConnectionSettingsType.Cellular; break; case "蓝牙": settringType = ConnectionSettingsType.Bluetooth; break; default: break; } //连接设置选择框 ConnectionSettingsTask connectionSettings = new ConnectionSettingsTask(); // 连接设置的类型 connectionSettings.ConnectionSettingsType = settringType; connectionSettings.Show(); } //刷新 private void Button_Click_2(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { UpdateNetworkStatus(); UpdateNetworkInterfaces(); Changes.Clear(); } private void Button_Click_1(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { NavigationService.Navigate(new Uri("/MainPage.xaml", UriKind.Relative)); } }
五、访问web的几种方式
Windows phone中访问Internet的方式主要有：通过套接字、WebClient 类、HttpWebRequest 类、服务引用等。套接字我们已经讲过。我主要讲解后面三种。
WebClient 类：一般用于通过访问URL获取特定的资源，下面是使用方法：
[C#]WebClient webClient = new WebClient();webClient.DownloadStringAsync(new Uri("http://www.baidu.com", UriKind.Absolute));webClient.DownloadStringCompleted += (a, b) =>{ if (b.Error == null && !b.Cancelled) { Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() => MessageBox.Show(b.Result)); }}; HttpWebRequest 类：对http做了基本的实现，相当于比直接用socket方便一点。
[C#]Uri uri = new Uri("http://192.168.100.212"); HttpWebRequest httpWebRequest = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(uri); httpWebRequest.Method = "POST"; //异步获取HTTP请求正文流 httpWebRequest.BeginGetRequestStream(new AsyncCallback(a => { var httpWebRequest2 = a.AsyncState as HttpWebRequest; var stream = httpWebRequest2.EndGetRequestStream(a); var streamWriter = new StreamWriter(stream); //在HTTP请求正文流中写入要POST的参数 streamWriter.WriteLine("wd=111"); streamWriter.Close(); //开始异步的向远程主机发送HTTP请求 httpWebRequest2.BeginGetResponse(new AsyncCallback(b => { try { var httpWebRequest3 = b.AsyncState as HttpWebRequest; //请求执行完成，得到HTTP相应 WebResponse webResponse = httpWebRequest3.EndGetResponse(b); var s = webResponse.ContentType; //获取到HTTP相应正文流 var stream3 = webResponse.GetResponseStream(); //读出来，转换成字符串 var streamReader = new StreamReader(stream3, Encoding.UTF8); var text = streamReader.ReadToEnd(); Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() => MessageBox.Show(text)); } catch (Exception ex) { var c = ex.Message; } }), httpWebRequest2); }), httpWebRequest); 服务引用：其实于一般的服务引用一样，只不过这里只支持异步实现。
[C#]//添加服务引用后，下面代码为异步调用web服务ServiceReference1.WebService1SoapClient c = new ServiceReference1.WebService1SoapClient();c.HelloWorldAsync("");c.HelloWorldCompleted += (a, b) =>{ Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() => MessageBox.Show(b.Result));};
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